Solomon Oliver Jr. (born 1947) is a United States federal judge.
Born in Bessemer, Alabama, Oliver received a B.A. from College of Wooster in 1969 and a J.D. from New York University School of Law in 1972. He earned an M.A. from Case Western Reserve University in 1974. From 1972 to 1975, he was an Assistant Professor at the College of Wooster then clerked for Judge William H. Hastie on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from 1975 to 1976.
Immediately following his clerkship, he worked as an assistant U.S. Attorney of the Northern District of Ohio, becoming the Chief of the Civil Division in 1978. In 1982, he was named the Chief of the Appellate Division. He tentatively left the Department of Justice to enter private practice in Wooster, Ohio from 1982 to 1994. However, he continued to serve as a Special Assistant U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Ohio from 1982 to 1985. During this time, he also served as a Professor of law at the Cleveland State University Cleveland-Marshall College of Law.
On March 9, 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Oliver to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio vacated by Alice Moore Batchelder. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 6, 1994, and received his commission on May 9, 1994.